Saudi Arabias Health System

Saudi-Arabian-Arabian-Arabian Arabias wellness SystemIbraheem Mohammed Ali AlnaheelahKingdom of Saudi Arabia lies at the further well-nigh part of southwestern Asia. It occupies about four-fifths of the Arab Peninsula, with a descend area of well-nigh 2,000,000 square kilometers. On 2010, the number of population in SA reached to (27.563.432) 9,525,178 male and 9,448,437 female and 31% less than 15 years and 65.37% between 15 and 65 and elderly group represent 2.86%. More than unitary third of population was non-Saudi (8,589,817) came to government with antithetical employment contracts.1Under the brass of regions issued by the august order No. (1/92), dated 27/08/1412 H., the Kingdom has been divided into (13) administrative regions. Each whizz of them is divided into a number of governorates differentiating in number from one region to another jibe geographical and population number. Before the discovery of oil, Saudi society was traditional, isolated and poor which implies that the way of life was very very much backward most of them depend on agriculture and lives stocks products. Without any wellness sustainment organizations and wellness economic aid run were largely based on traditional practices and medicines, most of the patients treated by rough of traditional methods. On 1926, Saudi Arabia under its visionary leader, King Abdulaziz Al-Saud issued a decree establishing a Health Department. Health organisation one of the most indicators for developing in each nation, all of the governments put the wellness services in front of services which pass ond to its citizen. Organizations of a wellness system different from one coarse to others according many factors include state of budget and nation developed. WHO stand some gaudiness to provide health maintenance to all people worldwide and make some of conversances and meeting for succeed main objective of health. The Declaration of Alma-Ata was adopted at the Intertheme Conference on Primary Health Care that defined old care that provided to all population and expressed the necessity for urgent action by all governments to cling to and promote all health of all people. Health system in SA provided mainly by ministry of health in auxiliary to 10 agencies provided the health care some agencies provide some of services to its employee. Ministry of Defense represent second most important ministry provides health services. It provide uncreated care through different messages and secondary care through military hospitals , all soldiers of ministry of defense receive card for receive the services in any bosom of care at any regions in Saudi Arabia , parent of soldiers and their family receive health care service by mettle of ministry of defense . Ministry of interior provides health service also. Ministry of upbringing concentrates on rub care through health school that provides health education. Armco represent one of the most oil companies in the world. It provides the health services to its employee. Ministry of health stills the corner stone of health in SA. Preventive program started early in al-Qatif and al-Hassa Oasis in the eastern region. On 1950, first campaign against malaria do by Saudi Armco Oil Company and WHO in the Eastern. One of the most porn to the citizen in Saudi Arabia is free of health service provided to all citizens and expatriates working in the public sector because the objective of the Saudi government is to provide free medical care for all.2Thirteen health directorates cover all areas in different regions in Saudi Arabia. Each directorate divided to sectors provides primary care level and hospitals to provide secondary care level at least. The Ministry of Health provides healthcare services through a network of primary healthcare centers numbering 2,295 on 2012 located in both large cities and small towns. primary health care provide the service to all Saudi families who lived in catchment area and famili es of non Saudi who worked in government ,one of the most important advantages that assist in development of health system is provide free preventive service to all population without regard to nationalities . emendment of infra structure appeared understandably in last years and the number of hospitals increase to 435 among them 78% general hospital, 10% psychiatric hospital and 8% maternity and child hospital. On 2012 , number of beds change magnitude to reach 35.825 beds ( 20.9 per 10000 of population) , 13.6% for pediatric ,13% for medical, 12% for maternity ,11 , 9% for surgical and 8% for ICU beds. 1A hatch of programs introduced to the PHC concentrated on preventive care include expanded immunization program which represent the most preventive program in the world, antenatal care, well baby and sexual inherited disease. In addition to preventive care PHCs provide therapeutic care, and it deal with some of emergency case, the secondary care which represented by hospitals c over the curative services. There is referral system between primary and secondary cases for consultation. Most of emergency cases shifted directly to the secondary cases through ambulance. Tertiary care provide for cases that need special(prenominal) care. Now there are five medical cities under construction. Organization and development of health services in SA reflected on population health and appeared clearly in most of health indicators like crude death rate about which reduced to 3.8/1000 compared with global average 7.9/1000 and neonatal death rate rate 16.2/1000 compared with global average 37/1000 and maternal mortality rate decreased to 1.4/10000 in 2010. 1Development of health in motleyation system and establishment of statistics unit at all level of the health services is one of the first priorities at the current space to achieve most benefit of consultation and save resources and condemnation of medical ply and patients availability of automated health informatio n system assist current situation of services and evaluate the treatment protocols. Health electronic surveillance network is recent electronic programs introduced by preventive department in ministry of health to improve surveillance of communicable disease. 3, 4Source of financing are essential component for development of health system in each governments. More than 60% of health services in SA provided by MOH and the total outlay on public health services come from the governments which funded through oil revenues and it represent of one of the most important disadvantages in health system in SA . The budgetary provision for the MOH has continued to increase from 5.1% of the national budget in 1992 to 8% in 2001.3 WHO statistics for 2008 indicate that the SA spentUS$621 per person on healthcare, of which 77.6% was paid for by the government and 16.3% was an out-of-pocket expenditure , the rapid growth in the population with high price of medicament and new technology considera ble cost pressure on the government in addition to high depletion of services in health care center that came from free-of-charge services which include medications and repeat unnecessary investigations . Also, growing a awareness about health increase the challenges on funding of health services to keep back with these increased in health care prices and to improve funding of healthcare in SA. 3, 5Health insurance began in 2002, gradually increased of contrasted employee in country was one of the most factor that accelerate introducing of health assurance, After improved living and increased economic. In 1960, only1.6% (63,400) of the population comprised non-Saudis, but in 2005, the number increased to reach 26.8% (6.33 million) consisted of non-Saudis. Health insurance implemented in various phase, millions of foreign workers in the country healthcare at privately bring for-profit facilities has been paid for either by the employer or by the individual. the total private sect or spending on health, 68% is paid for by the employer in the form of health insurance premiums, direct payments to providers or cost of services provided at company-owned facilities , The government now plans to cover all Saudi citizens the transition to a national health program will decrease expenditure of governmental on health services and will improve health service later according to the high competition in the health insurance business, which increased by 57% in 2008 to a total of US$1.2 billion, compared with US$826 million in 2007. 5Private health care sector has grown rapidly over past several years and expanding services to reach to 2168 medical center included hospitals and clinic center and 6974 pharmacy On 2012 and accounting for approximately 21% of all hospital beds on 2005.1Another unique aspect of healthcare in Saudi Arabia is that every year the country serves more than 5 million pilgrims and visitors to the Holy Mosque in Makkah hajj and omera seasons on of the commonest challenges in face of MOH , In 2012, 69.8% of pilgrims came from extracurricular Saudi Arabia, most of them came from endemic area . The country serves free health services to all hajjis according to the Saudi authorities. MOH assigned 22 hospitals and 165 primary care centers to serve pilgrims during the Hajj pilgrimage activities with more than 9 600 personnel, including physicians, nurses and other health personnel, engaged to work in these health centers. 1Medical staff is a corner stone to develop health service in any health system, they communicate directly with patients and provide the service to them , unfortunately, most of nonrecreational staff in SA expatriates and some of them do not speak Arabic and stupefy difficult communication with the patients, it represented one of defect in health system and aftermath directly on the health services that provided including health education that provided to the patients and community. Other factors such as a high sta ff dollar volume rates and leaving of skilled physicians from MOH center to a broad or to other private sectors in addition to shortage of number in some specialty all these factors effect on the services provided to population and increase the number of patients in waiting list in hospital.. the high number of get-go from medical effect on the quality of training and some of them didnt have chance to proceed the training later .Studies on this subject have also noted problems related to a lack of management training and postgraduate qualifications among technical supervisors and mid-level regional managers , with the increase of medical college and increase number of outset the shortage of Saudi staff still one of the common problem for health services in SA . On 2012 , Saudi physician constitute 21% (4331 male and 2185 female) and Saudi nurse 27% (11906 male and 19098 female) ., 58.7% of total medical staff constitutes by Saudi , 9119 Saudi doctors from total number of doctors in MOH 35.841. 45.875 Saudi nurse from total number of nurses 82948 and 1810 Saudi pharmacist from total number of pharmacist 2154. 1, 6, 7Generally, Change in Life style during last decides effect on health state of community, pattern of disease changed from communicable diseases to non communicable disease. Saudi Arabia one of the highest prevalence of diabetes mellitus in the world in addition to high prevalence of other chronic diseases like hyper tension , heart disease and obesity. Cost of treatment of chronic diseases high and used for long period of time and sometimes have less effective. Around 7 billion riyal served for treatment of diabetes annually. MOH put a lot of plans and introduce many programs to control of these health problems. Premarital screening program one of the most important programs to reduce the prevalence of sickle cell anemia, thalasemia. It detects hepatitis B, C and AIDS to take early measure tools. Also there is early screening program for DM and HT N to prevent complications. For maternity health there is program for screening of breast and cervical genus Cancer one of the most important screening programs for maternity health. In SA, road traffic accident appeared as the 1st cause of death in the country and reflected on expenditure of health service unfortunately, SA is the highest prevalence of RTA in the world, on 1430, 484805 road traffic accident registered by ministry of interior 6142 person lost by these accidents thats mean more than 16 person lost every day in addition to 34605 injured during the same period some of them need treatment in intensive care unit for long time.7-8ConclusionsKingdom of Saudi Arabia lies at the furthermost part of southwestern Asia and occupied area around 2,000,000 square kilometers and population around (27.563.432). Health system in Saudi Arabia provide free service to all citizen and employee of government .unfortunately, the free service have indirect effect on expenditure of resource s in health system ,. Health system includes comprehensive services which started from primary health care center that covered all rural and urban area and provide preventive and curative services. 435 hospitals spread in the country to provide secondary and tertiary health care service. Five medical cities will support tertiary level of care in future . comprehensive health services reflect on health status of population and lead to decrease neonatal death rate and maternal mortality rate to level under than global average. The health services provided by other agencies like ministry of defense, ministry of interior and ministry of education in addition to private centers. Medical staff represents the most important issue in front of stakeholders. Despite of increase number of medical college, Saudi medical staff still under expectancy level and most of the health services provided by non Saudi. Quality of training in postgraduate must be improved to deal with a higher number of gr aduations from medical college. .there was a lot of programs introduced by MOH in last decides to the population and showed good impact on health, Expanded Program of Immunization represent the best preventive program and reporting of the immunization for some disease exceed on 99% and no notified for some targeted diseases of immunization like a polio. Premarital screening program provide a good counseling to decrease the case of Sickle Cell Anemia and thalasemia and also assist in control hepatitis B,C and AIDS Funding of health system depends on governments and MOH provide services to more than 60%of population. Currently, search for other source of funding is highest priority to compensate on the high expenditure of services and increased of price of technology and medications , health insurance one of the options to support health system after beginning of insurance of foreign employee and Saudi employee in private company . Life style change of Saudi population effect on heal th status generally, increase of prevalence of DM and HTN represent one of the 1st priority in front of health planner to reduce. RTA represents one of the highest prevalence in the world.. Development of electronic information corporation all level of health care to assist medical staff to access all important information at any center and provide good option to reduce waste of resources. Finally to improve the health system need good analyses of the current situation and determines priorities of services in addition to concentrate on preventive measures and make good coordination with other agencies to provide good health service. Finally ,free health services to Saudi citizen and comprehensive care in addition to introduced effective preventive programs are most positive issues in health system while the source of funding with shortage adroit professional staff is the most negative points of health system that will need to improve in future.ReferencesMinistry of Health, Saudi A rabia. Health Statistical Year record book 1433-2012. Riyadh Ministry of Health, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. 201233-89Al -Mazrou Y. Prologue. In Principles and practice of primary health care. Riyadh,Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Ministry of Health, 19907-9.M. Al-Yousuf, TM. Akerelel and Y.Y. 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